Ghatotkacha – rescuer of Pandavas (Mahabharata)

Ghatotkacha – rescuer of Pandavas

A very important character in Mahabharata, because his death has ensured that a threat to Arjuna’s life was removed. A brave warrior, who fought bravely to bring Karna to use his special weapon on Ghatotkacha.
Pandava’s sons, Abhimanyu and Ghatotkacha have virtually ensured that their fathers won the battle of Mahabharata.  Both of these warriors have lost their lives in the battle.

Father and mother of Ghatotkacha

Ghatotkacha was the son of Bhima and Hidimbi (Hidimbaa, classically). His maternal parentage made him half-Rakshasa, and gave him many magical powers that made him an important fighter in the Kurukshetra war, the climax of the epic. He got his name from his head, which was shaped like a pot. In Sanskrit, Ghatam means pot and “Utkach” means head.
Ghatotkacha, when he was young, lived with his mother Hidimbaa, when one day he had a fight with Abhimanyu, his cousin, without knowing that Abhimanyu was Arjuna’s son. Later on both, alongwith Arjuna’s other son Iravan went to the marriage of Sundari and Abhimanyu married her.
Ghatotkacha - son of Bhima and Hidimba

Ghatotkacha – son of Bhima and Hidimba

Ghatotkacha is considered to be a loyal and humble figure. He made himself and his followers available to his father Bhima at any time; all Bhima had to do was to think of him and he would appear. Like his father, Ghatotkacha primarily fought with the mace.
His wife was Ahilawati and his son was Barbarika.

In Mahabharata war

In the Mahabharata, Ghatotkacha was summoned by Bhima to fight on the Pandava side in the Kurukshetra battle. Invoking his magical powers, he wrought great havoc in the Kaurava army. In particular after the death of Jayadratha, when the battle continued on past sunset, his powers were at their most effective (at night).

Duryodhana’s request to Karna

At this point in the battle, the Kaurava leader Duryodhana appealed to his best fighter, Karna, to kill Ghatotkacha as the whole Kaurava army was coming close to annihilation due to his ceaseless strikes from the air. Karna possessed a divine weapon, or shakti, granted by the god Indra. It could be used only once, and Karna had been saving it to use on his arch-enemy, the best Pandava fighter, Arjuna.
Ghatotkacha's death

Ghatotkacha’s death

Death of Ghatotkacha

Loyal Karna, unable to refuse the request of Duryodhana whose cause he had pledged himself to serve, hurled the missile at Ghatotkacha, killing him. This is considered to be the turning point of the war. After his death, the Pandava counselor Krishna smiled, as he considered the war to have been won for the Pandavas now that Karna no longer had a divine weapon to use in fighting Arjuna.

Rainbow

Rainbow, a seven coloured arch, which is formed when sunlight passes through the droplets of moisture. A very natural phenomenon, but is a favourite component in mythology.
According to Greek mythology, rainbow is considered as a path made by messenger (iris) between earth and heaven. According to Hindu mythology, its called Indradhanush i.e. bow of God Indra (Indra is considered as a God of rain, thunder and lightning). Another mythology says it’s bow of God of love. Whereas according to Chinese mythology, a slit in sky which is sealed by a Goddess with different colours of stones. In Norse mythology it’s a bridge between home of God and humans.
Rainbows can be formed by other forms of water than rain, including dew, mist and spray. We confuse them with rainbow.
A Circumhorizontal arc, or fire rainbow, is ice-halo formed on cirrus clouds at higher altitude by ice crystals.
Circumhorizontal arc or fire rainbow
A Circumzenithal arc this is formed due to refraction of sunlight through horizontally-oriented ice crystals, generally in cirrus clouds.

Circumzenithal arc, high above the horizon

Fog bow often known as white rainbows or cloud bows because it is white in colour. This is similar to rainbow, but the small size of water droplet causes fog.

A Fog bow

Glory is much smaller than rainbow. Its a combine effect of reflection, refraction and diffraction, by the cloud of refracting water droplets towards its source. It can be seen only when the observer is in between sun and cloud of refracting water droplet.

Glory with aircraft shadow in center

Sun dog, is a kind of ice halo, a coloured patch of light on both right and left side of sun.
A bright Sun dog

Moonbow is also known as lunarbow or lunar rainbow , this is formed when the light is reflect from the surface of moon, These are faint as compared to rainbows.

Moonbow or Lunar rainbow

Seven Amazing Trees

Seven amazing trees from all over the world.

Oak chapel

Oak chapel or Chêne chapelle is an oak tree, is a religious monument and object of pilgrimage.This is situated in AllouvilleBellefosse, France. The tree is between 800 to 1,200 years old. The hollow trunk has two chapel inside which were build in 1669. This religious monument is surrounded with spiral staircase for access.
Oak Chappel  at allouville bellefosse

Oak Chappel at allouville bellefosse

source : Old Trees in The Netherlands and Western Europe

 Circus Tree

Axel Erlandson, an American farmer has a hobby of giving unique shapes to trees. He opened a horticulture attraction in 1947, which was named The Tree Circus.
Circus tree

Circus tree

Basket Tree

Different shapes of Circus Tree

Chandelier Tree

Chandelier Tree is a 315 foot (96 metre) tall coast redwood tree in Leggett, California with a 6 foot (1.83m) wide by 9 foot (2.74m) high hole cut through its base to allow a car to drive through. The hole was carved in the 1930s.

 

Chandelier Tree in California - One of seven amazing trees

Chandelier Tree in California – One of seven amazing trees

 Baobab

Also known as bottle tree, upside-down tree, and monkey bread tree, can grow up to grow up to nearly 100 feet (30 m) tall and 35 feet (11 m) wide. Baobabs store water inside the swollen trunk (up to 120,000 litres (32,000 US gal)) to endure the harsh drought conditions.

 

Baobab Tree at Limpopo Province, South Africa

Baobab Tree at Limpopo Province, South Africa

One species, Limpopo Province, South Africa, often considered the largest example alive, has a circumference of 47 metres (150 ft) and an average diameter of 15 metres (49 ft). Carbon dating has been used to estimate the age of the specimens at approximately 6000 years.

Tea pot Baobob
 

Bristlecone pine

Bristlecone pine are considered as the oldest tree in the world, some living up to 5,000 years.
Methuselah, named tree is considered as the oldest tree and non-clonal organism still alive in the white mountains of eastern California, at the age of about 4,841 years, its exact location is currently undisclosed to the public as a protection against vandalism.
Bristlecone pine

Bristlecone pine

Banyan tree
Banyan tree has a big canopy with ariel prop roots running from its branches to ground and covers several hectors of land, with age these roots become thick and woody and become
indistinguishable from main trunk. Buddha is believed to have achieved enlightenment under banyan tree (bodhi tree) in Bodhgaya in India.

This large banyan tree was planted in 1873,in Hawaii and now it has coveredtwo-third of an acre
Due to the complex structure of the roots and extensive branching, the banyan is extensively used for creating Bonsai.

Bonsai of Banyan Tree

Tule tree

In Spanish this tree is known as El Árbol del Tule, is located in Oaxaca a Mexican city.
This tree has the stoutest trunk in the world.This tree has the stoutest trunk in the world measuring trunk girth at 190 feet (58 m) and trunk diameter at 37 feet (11.3 m). Initially it was thought to be multiple trees, but DNA tests have proven that it is only one tree.
Arbor Del tule tree in Mexico

Arbor Del tule tree in Mexico

Closer view of tree

The tree is also known as “Tree of Life” from all the images of animals that are reputedly visible in the tree’s gnarled trunk.

Seven Wonders of Camouflage

I am back with another wonder of nature, this is camouflage or colour changing ability of some species of invertebrates and vertebrates. This is a unique characteristic or rather a weapon which is some time used as a defense and sometime to catch prey. These creatures so perfectly blend with the surrounding that its very hard to spot them.

So, please have a look and enjoy!

1. Mollusca

a. Mimic Octopus

Camouflage by Octopus - Seven wonders of Nature
Camouflage by Octopus – Seven wonders of Nature

Mimic octopus

As the name suggest this is an expert to mimic other creatures. Normally it has brown and white stripes or spots. This octopus can contour its body and change its colour and also mimic the likeness and movements of more than fifteen different species including sea snakes, lionfish, flatfish, brittle stars, giant crab, sea shells, stingrays, jellyfish, sea anemones, and martis shrimps. Depending upon the predator it can decide which animal to impersonate, for example if it is attacked by a damselfish then octopus impersonate as a sea snake, (damselfish’s predator) by burying six of its arms and waving other two arms in opposite direction, and changing colour to black and yellow. Really a champion of disguise.

Cuttlefishes are also known as chameleon of sea because of rapid changing ability.

Arthropoda

a. Golden Tortoise Beetle

Beetle camouflage
Beetle camouflage

These beetles can change colour from golden to red. Instead of using pigment cells it changes its colour by altering the reflectivity of their shell, which is a remarkable feature of this tiny creature.

Depending on the flower on which it is hunting it can change its colour, but as it can change only in white and yellow so normally it hunts on white and yellow flowers like daisy and sunflower. Colour changing is induced by visual feedback.

3. Flounder fish

This is an ocean dwelling flat fish. They manage to blend so well with surroundings that it’s hard to locate them. A peculiar characteristic of this fish is that it has both the eyes on same side, which is an aid for the act of camouflage. A larval flounder has one eye on each side of the body, but as it grows one eye migrate to other side.

4. Amphibians

Peron’s tree frog can change its colour in less than an hour from grey, brown or even white. Due to its high pitched cackle it is also known as laughing tree frog.

5. Reptiles

Some Chameleons are expert in changing colour varying from pink, blue, red, orange, green, black, brown, yellow and turquoise.

6. Birds

Ptarmigan

Ptarmigan, also known as rock ptarmigan exhibits seasonal camouflage, it changes it’s colour from brown to white. In winter it’s white with black tail , and brown in spring and summer. It is a gamebird in grouse family. These birds prefer to live in barren and higher elevation areas.

7. Mammals

Some mammals like Arctic fox, Arctic hare, Ermine exhibit seasonal camouflage, with the onset of winter their colour changes to white which remain for whole winter, after winter i.e. in spring and summer they have a different colour. This change help them in both ways, catching prey as well as protecting from predators.

a. Arctic fox

Arctic fox during spring/summer and winter

b.Arctic hare

Arctic Hare during spring/summer and winter

c.Ermine

Ermine in spring/summer and winter

d. Barren Ground Caribou

Barren Ground Caribou in spring/summer and winter

Most expensive coffee. Do you know how this is prepared?

Kopi Luwak, the most expensive coffee in the world selling for between $100 and $600 USD per pound or about $50 a cup. Its also known as Civet coffee or Weasel coffee. Kopi Luwak is an Indonesian word, Kopi which means coffee, and luwak is a common name of a cat size mammal Asian Palm Civet. Kopi Luwak has an exceptional aroma and most pleasing taste.
But I’m sure many of us don’t know how this delicious coffee is obtained. Civets consumes red coffee cherries, containing fruits and seeds. But, its not able to digest the coffee beans so they are passed out. The beans and collected washed and dried. Though Civets are not able to digest the beans but their digestive juices penetrate the beans break down the proteins and enhance its flavour.
We may worry about the safety, but rigourous washing, sun drying and roasting at high temperature help to eliminate bacteria making it a safe coffee.
Really, an unusual way to get an unusual flavour…….